feat: lazy initialization codec

internal/encoding/codec/codec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package codec
+
+type Codec interface {
+	// Decode decodes the contents of b into v.
+	// It's primarily used for decoding contents of a file into a map[string]interface{}.
+	Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error
+
+	// Encode encodes the contents of v into a byte representation.
+	// It's primarily used for encoding a map[string]interface{} into a file format.
+	Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error)
+}

internal/encoding/decoder.go

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-package encoding
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-)
-
-// Decoder decodes the contents of b into v.
-// It's primarily used for decoding contents of a file into a map[string]interface{}.
-type Decoder interface {
-	Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error
-}
-
-const (
-	// ErrDecoderNotFound is returned when there is no decoder registered for a format.
-	ErrDecoderNotFound = encodingError("decoder not found for this format")
-
-	// ErrDecoderFormatAlreadyRegistered is returned when an decoder is already registered for a format.
-	ErrDecoderFormatAlreadyRegistered = encodingError("decoder already registered for this format")
-)
-
-// DecoderRegistry can choose an appropriate Decoder based on the provided format.
-type DecoderRegistry struct {
-	decoders map[string]Decoder
-
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-// NewDecoderRegistry returns a new, initialized DecoderRegistry.
-func NewDecoderRegistry() *DecoderRegistry {
-	return &DecoderRegistry{
-		decoders: make(map[string]Decoder),
-	}
-}
-
-// RegisterDecoder registers a Decoder for a format.
-// Registering a Decoder for an already existing format is not supported.
-func (e *DecoderRegistry) RegisterDecoder(format string, enc Decoder) error {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if _, ok := e.decoders[format]; ok {
-		return ErrDecoderFormatAlreadyRegistered
-	}
-
-	e.decoders[format] = enc
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Decode calls the underlying Decoder based on the format.
-func (e *DecoderRegistry) Decode(format string, b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
-	e.mu.RLock()
-	decoder, ok := e.decoders[format]
-	e.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if !ok {
-		return ErrDecoderNotFound
-	}
-
-	return decoder.Decode(b, v)
-}

internal/encoding/decoder_test.go

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-package encoding
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-type decoder struct {
-	v map[string]interface{}
-}
-
-func (d decoder) Decode(_ []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
-	for key, value := range d.v {
-		v[key] = value
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestDecoderRegistry_RegisterDecoder(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewDecoderRegistry()
-
-		err := registry.RegisterDecoder("myformat", decoder{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("AlreadyRegistered", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewDecoderRegistry()
-
-		err := registry.RegisterDecoder("myformat", decoder{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		err = registry.RegisterDecoder("myformat", decoder{})
-		if err != ErrDecoderFormatAlreadyRegistered {
-			t.Fatalf("expected ErrDecoderFormatAlreadyRegistered, got: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestDecoderRegistry_Decode(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewDecoderRegistry()
-		decoder := decoder{
-			v: map[string]interface{}{
-				"key": "value",
-			},
-		}
-
-		err := registry.RegisterDecoder("myformat", decoder)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		v := map[string]interface{}{}
-
-		err = registry.Decode("myformat", []byte("key: value"), v)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(decoder.v, v) {
-			t.Fatalf("decoded value does not match the expected one\nactual:   %+v\nexpected: %+v", v, decoder.v)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("DecoderNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewDecoderRegistry()
-
-		v := map[string]interface{}{}
-
-		err := registry.Decode("myformat", nil, v)
-		if err != ErrDecoderNotFound {
-			t.Fatalf("expected ErrDecoderNotFound, got: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}

internal/encoding/dotenv/codec.go

@@ -6,16 +6,21 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
 	"github.com/subosito/gotenv"
 )
 
 const keyDelimiter = "_"
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for encoding data containing environment variables
+// Codec implements the Codec interface for encoding data containing environment variables
 // (commonly called as dotenv format).
 type Codec struct{}
 
-func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func New(args ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	return &Codec{}
+}
+
+func (*Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	flattened := map[string]interface{}{}
 
 	flattened = flattenAndMergeMap(flattened, v, "", keyDelimiter)
@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
 
-func (Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (*Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 
 	_, err := buf.Write(b)

internal/encoding/encoder.go

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package encoding
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-)
-
-// Encoder encodes the contents of v into a byte representation.
-// It's primarily used for encoding a map[string]interface{} into a file format.
-type Encoder interface {
-	Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error)
-}
-
-const (
-	// ErrEncoderNotFound is returned when there is no encoder registered for a format.
-	ErrEncoderNotFound = encodingError("encoder not found for this format")
-
-	// ErrEncoderFormatAlreadyRegistered is returned when an encoder is already registered for a format.
-	ErrEncoderFormatAlreadyRegistered = encodingError("encoder already registered for this format")
-)
-
-// EncoderRegistry can choose an appropriate Encoder based on the provided format.
-type EncoderRegistry struct {
-	encoders map[string]Encoder
-
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-// NewEncoderRegistry returns a new, initialized EncoderRegistry.
-func NewEncoderRegistry() *EncoderRegistry {
-	return &EncoderRegistry{
-		encoders: make(map[string]Encoder),
-	}
-}
-
-// RegisterEncoder registers an Encoder for a format.
-// Registering a Encoder for an already existing format is not supported.
-func (e *EncoderRegistry) RegisterEncoder(format string, enc Encoder) error {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if _, ok := e.encoders[format]; ok {
-		return ErrEncoderFormatAlreadyRegistered
-	}
-
-	e.encoders[format] = enc
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (e *EncoderRegistry) Encode(format string, v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
-	e.mu.RLock()
-	encoder, ok := e.encoders[format]
-	e.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, ErrEncoderNotFound
-	}
-
-	return encoder.Encode(v)
-}

internal/encoding/encoder_test.go

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-package encoding
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-type encoder struct {
-	b []byte
-}
-
-func (e encoder) Encode(_ map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
-	return e.b, nil
-}
-
-func TestEncoderRegistry_RegisterEncoder(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewEncoderRegistry()
-
-		err := registry.RegisterEncoder("myformat", encoder{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("AlreadyRegistered", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewEncoderRegistry()
-
-		err := registry.RegisterEncoder("myformat", encoder{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		err = registry.RegisterEncoder("myformat", encoder{})
-		if err != ErrEncoderFormatAlreadyRegistered {
-			t.Fatalf("expected ErrEncoderFormatAlreadyRegistered, got: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestEncoderRegistry_Decode(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewEncoderRegistry()
-		encoder := encoder{
-			b: []byte("key: value"),
-		}
-
-		err := registry.RegisterEncoder("myformat", encoder)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		b, err := registry.Encode("myformat", map[string]interface{}{"key": "value"})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if string(b) != "key: value" {
-			t.Fatalf("expected 'key: value', got: %#v", string(b))
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("EncoderNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registry := NewEncoderRegistry()
-
-		_, err := registry.Encode("myformat", map[string]interface{}{"key": "value"})
-		if err != ErrEncoderNotFound {
-			t.Fatalf("expected ErrEncoderNotFound, got: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}

internal/encoding/hcl/codec.go

@@ -4,15 +4,21 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
+
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/hcl/printer"
 )
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for HCL encoding.
+// Codec implements the encoding.Codec interface for HCL encoding.
 // TODO: add printer config to the codec?
 type Codec struct{}
 
-func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func New(args ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	return &Codec{}
+}
+
+func (*Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -35,6 +41,6 @@ func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
 
-func (Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (*Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return hcl.Unmarshal(b, &v)
 }

internal/encoding/ini/codec.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
+
 	"github.com/spf13/cast"
 	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 )
@@ -13,13 +15,34 @@ import (
 // This type is added here for convenience: this way consumers can import a single package called "ini".
 type LoadOptions = ini.LoadOptions
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for INI encoding.
+// Codec implements the encoding.Codec interface for INI encoding.
 type Codec struct {
 	KeyDelimiter string
 	LoadOptions  LoadOptions
 }
 
-func (c Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+// New treats its first argument as string for KeyDelimiter and the second as ini.LoadOptions.
+// The other args will be ignored
+func New(args ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	keyDelimiter, ok := args[0].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	loadOptions, ok := args[1].(LoadOptions)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &Codec{
+		KeyDelimiter: keyDelimiter,
+		LoadOptions:  loadOptions,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	cfg := ini.Empty()
 	ini.PrettyFormat = false
 
@@ -62,7 +85,7 @@ func (c Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
 
-func (c Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (c *Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	cfg := ini.Empty(c.LoadOptions)
 
 	err := cfg.Append(b)
@@ -90,7 +113,7 @@ func (c Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c Codec) keyDelimiter() string {
+func (c *Codec) keyDelimiter() string {
 	if c.KeyDelimiter == "" {
 		return "."
 	}

internal/encoding/javaproperties/codec.go

@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
+
 	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
 	"github.com/spf13/cast"
 )
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for Java properties encoding.
+// Codec implements the encoding.Codec interface for Java properties encoding.
 type Codec struct {
 	KeyDelimiter string
 
@@ -20,6 +22,20 @@ type Codec struct {
 	Properties *properties.Properties
 }
 
+// New treats its first argument as string for KeyDelimiter, the other args will be ignored
+func New(args ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	keyDelimiter, ok := args[0].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &Codec{
+		KeyDelimiter: keyDelimiter,
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	if c.Properties == nil {
 		c.Properties = properties.NewProperties()
@@ -77,7 +93,7 @@ func (c *Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c Codec) keyDelimiter() string {
+func (c *Codec) keyDelimiter() string {
 	if c.KeyDelimiter == "" {
 		return "."
 	}

internal/encoding/json/codec.go

@@ -2,16 +2,22 @@ package json
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
 )
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for JSON encoding.
+// Codec implements the encoding.Codec interface for JSON encoding.
 type Codec struct{}
 
-func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func New(_ ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	return &Codec{}
+}
+
+func (*Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	// TODO: expose prefix and indent in the Codec as setting?
 	return json.MarshalIndent(v, "", "  ")
 }
 
-func (Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (*Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return json.Unmarshal(b, &v)
 }

internal/encoding/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package encoding
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/dotenv"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/hcl"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/ini"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/javaproperties"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/json"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/toml"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/yaml"
+)
+
+const (
+	// ErrCodecNotFound is returned when there is no codec registered for a format.
+	ErrCodecNotFound = encodingError("codec not found for this format")
+
+	// ErrCodecFormatAlreadyRegistered is returned when a codec is already registered for a format.
+	ErrCodecFormatAlreadyRegistered = encodingError("codec already registered for this format")
+)
+
+// supportedCodecFormats stores all supported codec, the empty pointers are used to construct a corresponding
+// codec object without reflection.
+var supportedCodecFormats = map[string]func(args ...interface{}) codec.Codec{
+	"yaml":       yaml.New,
+	"yml":        yaml.New,
+	"json":       json.New,
+	"toml":       toml.New,
+	"hcl":        hcl.New,
+	"tfvars":     hcl.New,
+	"ini":        ini.New,
+	"properties": javaproperties.New,
+	"props":      javaproperties.New,
+	"prop":       javaproperties.New,
+	"dotenv":     dotenv.New,
+	"env":        dotenv.New,
+}
+
+type CodecRegistry struct {
+	codecs map[string]codec.Codec
+	mu     sync.RWMutex
+
+	keyDelim       string
+	iniLoadOptions ini.LoadOptions
+}
+
+// NewCodecRegistry returns a new, initialized CodecRegistry.
+func NewCodecRegistry(keyDelim string, iniLoadOptions ini.LoadOptions) *CodecRegistry {
+	return &CodecRegistry{
+		codecs:         make(map[string]codec.Codec),
+		keyDelim:       keyDelim,
+		iniLoadOptions: iniLoadOptions,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *CodecRegistry) getCodecLazily(format string) (codec.Codec, error) {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	c, ok := e.codecs[format]
+	e.mu.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return c, nil
+	}
+
+	newCodecFn, ok := supportedCodecFormats[format]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, ErrCodecNotFound
+	}
+
+	switch format {
+	case "ini":
+		c = newCodecFn(e.keyDelim, e.iniLoadOptions)
+	case "properties", "props", "prop":
+		c = newCodecFn(e.keyDelim)
+	default:
+		c = newCodecFn()
+	}
+
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	e.codecs[format] = c
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+func (e *CodecRegistry) Decode(format string, b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+	decoder, err := e.getCodecLazily(format)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return decoder.Decode(b, v)
+}
+
+func (e *CodecRegistry) Encode(format string, v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	decoder, err := e.getCodecLazily(format)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return decoder.Encode(v)
+}
+
+// RegisterCodec registers a Codec for a format.
+// Registering a Codec for an already existing format is not supported.
+func (e *CodecRegistry) RegisterCodec(format string, codec codec.Codec) error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, ok := e.codecs[format]; ok {
+		return ErrCodecFormatAlreadyRegistered
+	}
+
+	e.codecs[format] = codec
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/encoding/registry_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package encoding
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/constructor"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/ini"
+)
+
+type codec struct {
+	v map[string]interface{}
+	b []byte
+}
+
+func (c *codec) Construct() constructor.Codec {
+	return &codec{}
+}
+
+func (c *codec) Encode(_ map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	return c.b, nil
+}
+
+func (c *codec) Decode(_ []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+	for key, value := range c.v {
+		v[key] = value
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestCodecRegistry_RegisterCodec(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewCodecRegistry("", ini.LoadOptions{})
+
+		err := registry.RegisterCodec("myformat", &codec{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("AlreadyRegistered", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewCodecRegistry("", ini.LoadOptions{})
+
+		err := registry.RegisterCodec("myformat", &codec{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		err = registry.RegisterCodec("myformat", &codec{})
+		if err != ErrCodecFormatAlreadyRegistered {
+			t.Fatalf("expected ErrDecoderFormatAlreadyRegistered, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCodecRegistry_Decode(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewCodecRegistry("", ini.LoadOptions{})
+		decoder := &codec{
+			v: map[string]interface{}{
+				"key": "value",
+			},
+		}
+
+		err := registry.RegisterCodec("myformat", decoder)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		v := map[string]interface{}{}
+
+		err = registry.Decode("myformat", []byte("key: value"), v)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(decoder.v, v) {
+			t.Fatalf("decoded value does not match the expected one\nactual:   %+v\nexpected: %+v", v, decoder.v)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("DecoderNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewCodecRegistry("", ini.LoadOptions{})
+
+		v := map[string]interface{}{}
+
+		err := registry.Decode("myformat", nil, v)
+		if err != ErrCodecNotFound {
+			t.Fatalf("expected ErrDecoderNotFound, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEncoderRegistry_Decode(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("OK", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewCodecRegistry("", ini.LoadOptions{})
+		encoder := &codec{
+			b: []byte("key: value"),
+		}
+
+		err := registry.RegisterCodec("myformat", encoder)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		b, err := registry.Encode("myformat", map[string]interface{}{"key": "value"})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if string(b) != "key: value" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected 'key: value', got: %#v", string(b))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("EncoderNotFound", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewCodecRegistry("", ini.LoadOptions{})
+
+		_, err := registry.Encode("myformat", map[string]interface{}{"key": "value"})
+		if err != ErrCodecNotFound {
+			t.Fatalf("expected ErrEncoderNotFound, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/encoding/toml/codec.go

@@ -2,15 +2,20 @@ package toml
 
 import (
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
 )
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for TOML encoding.
+// Codec implements the encoding.Codec interface for TOML encoding.
 type Codec struct{}
 
-func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func New(_ ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	return &Codec{}
+}
+
+func (*Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	return toml.Marshal(v)
 }
 
-func (Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (*Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return toml.Unmarshal(b, &v)
 }

internal/encoding/yaml/codec.go

@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 package yaml
 
-import "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+import (
+	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/codec"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
 
-// Codec implements the encoding.Encoder and encoding.Decoder interfaces for YAML encoding.
+// Codec implements the encoding.Codec interface for YAML encoding.
 type Codec struct{}
 
-func (Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func New(_ ...interface{}) codec.Codec {
+	return &Codec{}
+}
+
+func (*Codec) Encode(v map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	return yaml.Marshal(v)
 }
 
-func (Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (*Codec) Decode(b []byte, v map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return yaml.Unmarshal(b, &v)
 }

viper.go

@@ -40,13 +40,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/dotenv"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/hcl"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/ini"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/javaproperties"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/json"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/toml"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/yaml"
 )
 
 // ConfigMarshalError happens when failing to marshal the configuration.
@@ -219,9 +213,7 @@ type Viper struct {
 
 	logger Logger
 
-	// TODO: should probably be protected with a mutex
+	codecRegistry *encoding.CodecRegistry
-	encoderRegistry *encoding.EncoderRegistry
-	decoderRegistry *encoding.DecoderRegistry
 }
 
 // New returns an initialized Viper instance.
@@ -242,11 +234,34 @@ func New() *Viper {
 	v.typeByDefValue = false
 	v.logger = jwwLogger{}
 
-	v.resetEncoding()
+	v.resetEncodingWithLazyInitializationMode()
 
 	return v
 }
 
+// NewWithLazyMode is the lazy initialization mode for benchmark
+// todo: remove this API later when creating a PR
+func NewWithLazyMode() *Viper {
+	v := new(Viper)
+	v.keyDelim = "."
+	v.configName = "config"
+	v.configPermissions = os.FileMode(0o644)
+	v.fs = afero.NewOsFs()
+	v.config = make(map[string]interface{})
+	v.parents = []string{}
+	v.override = make(map[string]interface{})
+	v.defaults = make(map[string]interface{})
+	v.kvstore = make(map[string]interface{})
+	v.pflags = make(map[string]FlagValue)
+	v.env = make(map[string][]string)
+	v.aliases = make(map[string]string)
+	v.typeByDefValue = false
+	v.logger = jwwLogger{}
+
+	v.resetEncodingWithLazyInitializationMode()
+	return v
+}
+
 // Option configures Viper using the functional options paradigm popularized by Rob Pike and Dave Cheney.
 // If you're unfamiliar with this style,
 // see https://commandcenter.blogspot.com/2014/01/self-referential-functions-and-design.html and
@@ -290,7 +305,7 @@ func NewWithOptions(opts ...Option) *Viper {
 		opt.apply(v)
 	}
 
-	v.resetEncoding()
+	v.resetEncodingWithLazyInitializationMode()
 
 	return v
 }
@@ -304,82 +319,8 @@ func Reset() {
 	SupportedRemoteProviders = []string{"etcd", "etcd3", "consul", "firestore"}
 }
 
-// TODO: make this lazy initialization instead
+func (v *Viper) resetEncodingWithLazyInitializationMode() {
-func (v *Viper) resetEncoding() {
+	v.codecRegistry = encoding.NewCodecRegistry(v.keyDelim, v.iniLoadOptions)
-	encoderRegistry := encoding.NewEncoderRegistry()
-	decoderRegistry := encoding.NewDecoderRegistry()
-
-	{
-		codec := yaml.Codec{}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("yaml", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("yaml", codec)
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("yml", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("yml", codec)
-	}
-
-	{
-		codec := json.Codec{}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("json", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("json", codec)
-	}
-
-	{
-		codec := toml.Codec{}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("toml", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("toml", codec)
-	}
-
-	{
-		codec := hcl.Codec{}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("hcl", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("hcl", codec)
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("tfvars", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("tfvars", codec)
-	}
-
-	{
-		codec := ini.Codec{
-			KeyDelimiter: v.keyDelim,
-			LoadOptions:  v.iniLoadOptions,
-		}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("ini", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("ini", codec)
-	}
-
-	{
-		codec := &javaproperties.Codec{
-			KeyDelimiter: v.keyDelim,
-		}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("properties", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("properties", codec)
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("props", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("props", codec)
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("prop", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("prop", codec)
-	}
-
-	{
-		codec := &dotenv.Codec{}
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("dotenv", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("dotenv", codec)
-
-		encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("env", codec)
-		decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("env", codec)
-	}
-
-	v.encoderRegistry = encoderRegistry
-	v.decoderRegistry = decoderRegistry
 }
 
 type defaultRemoteProvider struct {
@@ -1754,7 +1695,7 @@ func (v *Viper) unmarshalReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]interface{}) error {
 
 	switch format := strings.ToLower(v.getConfigType()); format {
 	case "yaml", "yml", "json", "toml", "hcl", "tfvars", "ini", "properties", "props", "prop", "dotenv", "env":
-		err := v.decoderRegistry.Decode(format, buf.Bytes(), c)
+		err := v.codecRegistry.Decode(format, buf.Bytes(), c)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ConfigParseError{err}
 		}
@@ -1769,7 +1710,7 @@ func (v *Viper) marshalWriter(f afero.File, configType string) error {
 	c := v.AllSettings()
 	switch configType {
 	case "yaml", "yml", "json", "toml", "hcl", "tfvars", "ini", "prop", "props", "properties", "dotenv", "env":
-		b, err := v.encoderRegistry.Encode(configType, c)
+		b, err := v.codecRegistry.Encode(configType, c)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
 		}